在2024年12月21日至23日，2025年碩士研究生招生考試的大幕拉開，考場上彌漫著緊張與期待交織的氣息。每一位考生都懷揣著對(duì)未來學(xué)術(shù)殿堂的憧憬，在英語(一)的試卷前傾盡所學(xué)，揮灑智慧。如今考試已然結(jié)束，可其影響卻如漣漪般持續(xù)擴(kuò)散。這份英語(一)真題恰似一座橋梁，連接著過去備考的辛勤汗水與未來未知的命運(yùn)走向。通過對(duì)真題的深度剖析與估分，考生們能更好地回顧考場中的得失，進(jìn)而在復(fù)試準(zhǔn)備、調(diào)劑規(guī)劃、二戰(zhàn)抉擇或就業(yè)考量等諸多道路中，錨定方向，邁出更為穩(wěn)健的步伐。以下是2025 年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)真題的閱讀理解內(nèi)容，若想獲得全部真題及答案的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊閱讀>2025年碩士研究生招生考試初試各科目真題<。

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2025 年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)（閱讀理解）

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

The grammar schoolboy from Stratford-Upon-Avon has landed a scholarly. Punch after groundbreaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children's literacy and emotional development, but only if you can act him out.

A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the capacity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work.Makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O Hanlon of Royal

Shakespeare Company(RSC) , which commission the study, said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils--aged nine and ten--at 45. State primary schools that had not been previously exposed to RS Pedagogy. They were split into target and control groups and asked to write for example a message in bottle as ferdinanel after the shipwreck in the rempest. The target group was given a 30-minute drama- based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words, classed as more sophisticated or rarer, and wrote at greater length.They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role. While [control] pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target] children put themselves in the shoes of literary character and express that character’s emotion.

The Time to Act Study also found that while controlled pupils relied on desert is land cliches, such as palm trees, target pupils were more expansive [giving] a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions.

O’Helen said she had been most surprised by the emotional literacy that was evident in

the children's writing, and that they were more resilient in their writing more hopeful, she added: the emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the rehearsal room process, where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes. The study showed the importance of embedding our in education , she said.

But could the results be re replicated with any old dramatists? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words gave a massive expansion of language into a children’s lives, which was combined with children using their whole bodies to bring words to life.

21. The rehearsal room approach requires pupils to .

[A] rewrite the lines from Shakespeare [B] watch RSC actors performances

[C] play the roles in Shakespeare [D] study drama under RSC artists

22. The study divided the pupils into two groups to find .

[A] whether a the change in situation enhance learning outcomes [B] expanding vocabulary helps develop reading fluency

[C] see emotion affects understanding of sophisticated workers [D] the classroom activity stimulates interest in the arts

23. Control pupil's reliance on desert island cliches shows their .

[A] weakness in description

[B] omission of small details

[C] casual style of writing

[D] the preference for big words

24. What can promote children's emotional literacy according to O’Helen?

[A] Writing in an imaginative manner[B] Identifying with literacy characters

[C] Drawing inspiration from nature[D] Centralizing on real life situations

25. It can inferred from the last paragraph that .

[A] a the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare [B] the language of Shakespeare may be formidable for pupils

[C] other older dramatists may be included in primary education[D] the pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists

Text 2

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in

an effort to decrease carbon emissions. I discovered this when I was sitting on a panel discussing sustainable space activities and my colleagues ’ concerns about their contribution to global warming was palpable. The crisis is here, they said, and we need to cut back on our energy intensive modelling. At the very least, we need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites — the tools we scientists need to measure the planet’s pulse — demand significant amounts of energy both in their construction and operation. And it is equally true that science’s unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world. According to the International Energy Agency, these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world’s electricity.

However, this is a price we must pay for understanding the world. How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can’t track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, where it’s coming from and who’s producing it? The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation. But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity’s greatest challenges. It is all too easy to feel paralysed in the face of daunting problems such as climate change and to do nothing. But then I think of a friend’s daughter who turned her fears into action: she became a wind energy engineer and now thrives on delivering renewable energy, limiting emissions.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize, which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity. One of the past winners, Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales, Australia, is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world’s solar panels. Thanks to his invention, we have a real chance to decrease the world’s carbon emissions.

Every day, scientists, technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to exploit renewable energy sources and develop techniques not just to use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence. A great example of this is Europe’s largest supercomputer, LUMI in Finland, which is astonishingly carbon-negative. Established in an old paper mill, it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town of Kajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions, we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

26. The author expressed great surprise at some scientists ’ .

[A] unwillingness to cut carbon emissions [B] intention to reduce their research

[C] suspicions about sustainable energy [D] waste of electricity in their projects

27.The author believes that carbon emissions from research .

[A] have caused Scare consequences [B] have aroused groundless worries [C] are hard to handle at present

[D] are justifiable in the long run

28.The example of green in paragraph 5 is used to illustrate .

[A] the achievements of great scientists

[B] the urgency of addressing climate change [C] the reverse of scientific endeavors

[D] the value of.Fostering human ingenuity

29. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that LUMI . [A] is a model of sustainable efforts

[B] is a triumph against energy shortage

[C] owes much to global net zero initiatives [D] aims to explore the power of intelligence

30. Which of the following statements would they also agree with?

[A] emission free modeling demands extra funding [B] the need for super computers is difficult to meet [C] energy intensive research work is inevitable

[D] the goals of researchers out to be realistic

Text 3

Ever since taking on Netflix In[C] at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was. But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association(MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads. But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.

“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,” says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA. “This is organized crime.” Rivkin joined the MPAin 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier/to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valleyto win passage of legislation in Congress/aimed at stopping online piracy. In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), an enforcement task force of about 100 detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services/in North America to 126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA's support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services ’ cumulative loss from piracy since2022_will reach $113 billion in the next two years. While there is_some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy]begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline," says analyst Steve Hawley.

31. According to paragraph 1, legitimate streaming services .

[A] have drawn lessons from Hollywood [B] have surpassed cable in revenue

[C] are unpopular with advertiser

[D] are confronted with a real threat

32. It can be learned that streamers like Netflix ___.

[A] played a part in the fith against illgeal file-sharing [B] reaped benefits from the war with digital pirates [C] promised to become big job creators in the US

[D] used to collaborate with file-uploading platforms

33. It can be inferred fro paragraph 4 that MPA ___.

[A] was denied cooperation by Silicon Valley

[B] led a national protest against online privacy

[C] was urged to reform an enforcement taks force [D] failed to win support from local authorities

34. According to Hawley, digital privacy ___.

[A] cannot be checked in spite of new legislation

[B] will possibly overwhelm legitimate streamers [C] is unlikely to diminish in the near future

[D] has been underestimated by some analysts

35. Which of the following is emphasized in the text? [A] The need to coordinate anti-privacy action

[B] The criminal nature of copyright violation [C] Prospect of eliminating online privacy

[D] Economic harm from illegal streaming

Text 4

Visit any antiques stores and you may encounter artifact from the past: photographs, letters, a brochure Sinclair dinosaur 1964-1965 Fair, the ephemera of history. Yet they aren’t truly ephemeral. Why? Because they are still here, decades, and they are tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation? For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite their original creators ’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, "it's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access of made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained?Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be:if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a for mat becomes obsolete, the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, think how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets a nightmare about what keeps historians up at night :a historical record that abrupt stops when digital assets replaces analog.

As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation

solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information. Thus we play an integral role in identifying, preserving, and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade, they won’t find it an impossible one.

36. The author mentions the art crafts from the past to .

[A] introduce the coming of antiques [B] contrast them with everyday items [C] bring up the issue of preservation [D] comment on their historical value

37. Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts .

[A] are less subject to their creators' neglect [B] convey information in a more direct way [C] require more intentional preservation

[D] are less likely to suffer serious damage

38. According to the passage, librarians' work may result in . [A] oversupply of materials

[B] undervaluation of libraries

[C] researchers' under-performance

[D] users' overreliance on technology

39. The "ZIP disk" is cited as an example to show .

[A] the difficulty of retrieving files through unusual means [B] the infeasibility of constantly migrating digital assets

[C] the possibility of losing Information in obsolete formats

[D] the inconvenience of storing information on analog device

40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the text? [A] Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts

[B] The contribution of librarians should be recognized [C] Accessing databases is essential to researchers

[D] Keeping digital historical records is a challenge

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Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章明確提到“rehearsal room”方法的核心是通過戲劇化表 演(acting out)莎士比亞的作品，幫助學(xué)生理解語言和角色情感。文中提 到“drama-based activity”和“put themselves in the shoes of literary characters”， 說明這一方法需要學(xué)生扮演莎士比亞的角色，而不是僅僅閱讀、觀看表演 或在專業(yè)藝術(shù)家指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。因此，答案為 [C]。

22.【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到研究通過隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)，將學(xué)生分為兩組：目標(biāo)

組接受戲劇化教學(xué)活動(dòng)，對(duì)照組未接受。研究的目的是比較兩種教學(xué)方法 的效果，特別是目標(biāo)組是否在詞匯使用、寫作能力和情感素養(yǎng)上表現(xiàn)更好。 這表明研究關(guān)注情境變化對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成果的影響，而非詞匯擴(kuò)展、情感或藝術(shù) 興趣的直接作用。因此，答案為 [A]。

23.【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章指出，對(duì)照組學(xué)生在寫作中“relied on clichés such as palm trees”(依賴椰子樹等刻板印象)，而目標(biāo)組描述更為豐富，涉及“sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”。這表明對(duì)照組學(xué)生的描述能力不足， 無法超越簡單的刻板描寫。[B]項(xiàng)“omission of small details”(忽略細(xì)節(jié))。 [C]項(xiàng)“casual style of writing”(隨意風(fēng)格).[D]項(xiàng)“preference for big words”(喜 歡大詞)與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)。因此，答案為 [A]。

24.【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。O’Hanlon 在文中提到，戲劇活動(dòng)能夠提升學(xué)生的情感素 養(yǎng)，因?yàn)樗寣W(xué)生通過“putting themselves in different shoes”(站在角色的立 場)去理解和表達(dá)角色的情感狀態(tài)。這種活動(dòng)幫助學(xué)生想象、體驗(yàn)和描述 不同的情感，因此答案為 [B] 。[A]項(xiàng)是說“寫作中使用想象力” 。[C]項(xiàng)“從 自然中汲取靈感” 。[D]項(xiàng)“專注于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活” ，均未提及。

25.【答案】A

【解析】推斷題。文章最后一段提到，莎士比亞擁有“20,000 個(gè)詞匯” ，遠(yuǎn)超 日常語言的“2,000 個(gè)詞匯”，這為學(xué)生的語言擴(kuò)展提供了巨大的資源。結(jié)合 “bringing words to life”，這種方法尤其適用于語言復(fù)雜且豐富的莎士比亞作 品。而對(duì)于其他作家，O’Hanlon 提到需要更多研究驗(yàn)證，未明確說明效果。 因此，答案為 [A] 。[B]項(xiàng)“語言對(duì)學(xué)生而言過于困難” 。[C]項(xiàng)“將其他作家 納入小學(xué)教育” 。[D]項(xiàng)“學(xué)生不愿意接觸其他作家” ，屬于無中生有。

【全文翻譯】

這個(gè)來自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法學(xué)校男孩找到了一名學(xué)者。一項(xiàng)突破性的研 究表明，莎士比亞確實(shí)有益于兒童的讀寫能力和情感發(fā)展，但前提是你能把他表演出 來。

一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，用“排練室”的方式教授莎士比亞作品可以拓寬孩子們的詞匯量、 寫作能力以及情感素養(yǎng)?！把芯勘砻?，演員的工作方式。委托開展這項(xiàng)研究的皇家莎士 比亞劇團(tuán)的杰基·奧漢隆說：“這對(duì)孩子們使用語言的方式以及他們對(duì)自己的看法都有 很大的影響?！?/p>

這項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)涉及了數(shù)百名年齡在 9 歲和 10 歲之間的 45 歲五年級(jí)學(xué)生。以 前沒有接觸過 RS 教學(xué)法的公立小學(xué)。他們被分成目標(biāo)組和對(duì)照組，并被要求在遙遠(yuǎn) 的海難后用費(fèi)迪南內(nèi)爾的瓶子寫一條信息。 目標(biāo)群體被安排了一個(gè) 30 分鐘的戲劇活 動(dòng)來配合這段話。

同行評(píng)議的結(jié)果顯示，目標(biāo)學(xué)生群體使用的詞匯量更大，使用的詞匯被分類為更 復(fù)雜或更罕見，寫作的篇幅也更長。他們似乎也更適應(yīng)角色寫作。對(duì)照組的學(xué)生想象 他們自己對(duì)船失事的反應(yīng)，而對(duì)照組的孩子則把自己放在文學(xué)人物的位置上，表達(dá)人 物的情感。

“行動(dòng)的時(shí)間”研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)照組的學(xué)生依賴于沙漠和陸地的陳詞濫調(diào)，比如棕 櫚樹，而對(duì)照組的學(xué)生則更廣闊，對(duì)天空、海洋和大氣狀況有更廣闊的認(rèn)識(shí)。

O 'Helen 說，她最驚訝的是孩子們寫作中明顯的情感素養(yǎng)，他們?cè)趯懽髦懈袕?性，更有希望，她補(bǔ)充說：“情感理解非常明顯，這可能與排練室的過程有關(guān)，在排練 室里，你習(xí)慣于嘗試想象你的方式?！彼麄?cè)诿枋霾煌那榫w狀態(tài)時(shí)很自在，在戲劇 中，你要做的一部分就是把自己放在不同的位置上。她說，這項(xiàng)研究顯示了將我們?nèi)?入教育的重要性。

但是，這些結(jié)果能在任何一位老戲劇家身上重現(xiàn)嗎?奧漢隆表示，還需要進(jìn)行更 多的研究，但他表示，與日常使用的 2000 個(gè)單詞相比，莎士比亞使用了2 萬個(gè)單詞， 這給孩子們的生活帶來了巨大的語言擴(kuò)展，這與孩子們用他們的整個(gè)身體來賦予單詞 生命相結(jié)合。

Text 2

26.【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions."意思是作者驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)一些 科學(xué)家為了減少碳排放想要縮減他們的研究。作者明確表達(dá)了對(duì)科學(xué)家們意圖減少研

究活動(dòng)以降低碳排放的驚訝。因此正確答案是 [B] intention to reduce their research。 27.【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet."

意思是說技術(shù)研究產(chǎn)生的碳排放是值得的：最終這些研究將保障我們星球的未來。作 者認(rèn)為，盡管科技研究會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳排放，但這些排放是有正當(dāng)理由的，因?yàn)樗鼈冏罱K會(huì) 保護(hù)地球的未來。所以正確答案是 [D] are justifiable in the long run。

28.【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "But then I think of a friend’s daughter who turned her fears into action: she became a wind energy engineer and now thrives on delivering renewable energy, limiting emissions."意思是說但是接著我想到一個(gè)朋友的女兒，她將恐懼轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)： 她成為一名風(fēng)能工程師，現(xiàn)在致力于提供可再生能源，限制排放。這段文字講述了作 者朋友的女兒如何從對(duì)環(huán)境問題的擔(dān)憂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極行動(dòng)，選擇了風(fēng)能工程作為職業(yè)， 為減少排放和提供可再生能源做出了貢獻(xiàn)。這實(shí)際上體現(xiàn)了個(gè)人行為對(duì)科學(xué)努力的反 向促進(jìn)作用——不是指科學(xué)研究的倒退，而是指個(gè)人的行為(如選擇環(huán)保職業(yè))反過 來推動(dòng)了科學(xué)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展。因此，這個(gè)例子用來說明的是人類創(chuàng)造力和個(gè)人行動(dòng)可 以怎樣逆轉(zhuǎn)或補(bǔ)充科學(xué)的努力，即選項(xiàng) [C] the reverse of scientific endeavors。

29.【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "A great example of this is Europe’s largest supercomputer, LUMI in Finland, which is astonishingly carbon-negative... If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions, we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs."意思是說一個(gè)很好的例子是芬蘭的歐洲最大的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī) LUMI ，它令 人驚訝地實(shí)現(xiàn)了碳負(fù)排放...如果世界要實(shí)現(xiàn)其凈零目標(biāo)，我們必須認(rèn)真思考如何提供 可持續(xù)計(jì)算，并提供更多像 LUMI 這樣的設(shè)施。

文章提到 LUMI 是一個(gè)可持續(xù)努力的典范，強(qiáng)調(diào)了它的環(huán)保特性以及作為未來可持續(xù) 發(fā)展的榜樣。因此正確答案是 [A] is a model of sustainable efforts。

30.【答案】C

【解析】整篇文章都在討論科學(xué)研究的重要性及其在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化中的作用，同時(shí)承

認(rèn)研究需要消耗能量。作者在全文中表達(dá)了對(duì)科研重要性的支持，同時(shí)也認(rèn)識(shí)到科研 工作的能源密集型本質(zhì)。作者認(rèn)為，盡管存在能源密集型的研究工作，但它對(duì)于理解 和解決全球變暖問題是不可避免的。因此正確答案是 [C] energy intensive research work is inevitable。

【全文翻譯】

最近，我震驚地得知，一些科學(xué)家想要縮減他們的研究規(guī)模，以減少碳排放。當(dāng) 我坐在一個(gè)討論可持續(xù)太空活動(dòng)的小組上時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)，我的同事們對(duì)他們對(duì) 全球變暖的貢獻(xiàn)的擔(dān)憂是顯而易見的。他們說，危機(jī)就在這里，我們需要減少我們的 能源密集型模型。至少，我們需要使我們的能源使用更加可持續(xù)。

毫無疑問，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室、科學(xué)儀器、火箭和衛(wèi)星——我們科學(xué)家測量地球脈搏 所需的工具——在建造和運(yùn)行中都需要大量的能源。同樣真實(shí)的是，科學(xué)對(duì)信息的無 情需求導(dǎo)致世界各地能源密集型數(shù)據(jù)中心如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn) 。根據(jù)國際能源署 (International Energy Agency)的數(shù)據(jù)，這些建筑目前消耗了全球約 1%的電力。

然而，這是我們了解世界必須付出的代價(jià)。如果我們無法追蹤大氣中二氧化碳的 數(shù)量，它從哪里來，誰在制造它，我們?nèi)绾胃嬖V決策者減少碳排放的最佳方法?技術(shù) 研究產(chǎn)生的碳排放是物有所值的：最終，這項(xiàng)研究將保護(hù)我們星球的未來。

科學(xué)家們很難證明這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲覀兊墓ぷ骱軓?fù)雜，往往是關(guān)起門來進(jìn)行的，并 不總是容易解釋或解釋。但是，如果我們要解決人類面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)，展示科學(xué)的功 效將是至關(guān)重要的。面對(duì)氣候變化等令人生畏的問題，人們很容易感到無所作為。但 后來我想起了一個(gè)朋友的女兒，她把自己的恐懼變成了行動(dòng)：她成為了一名風(fēng)能工程 師，現(xiàn)在在提供可再生能源、限制排放方面發(fā)展得很好。

認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)和工程能夠帶來希望，推動(dòng)了千年科技獎(jiǎng)(Millennium Technology Prize)的創(chuàng)立。作為對(duì)人類聰明才智的表彰，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)今年已進(jìn)入第 20 個(gè)年頭。過去 的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧?，來自澳大利亞新南威爾士大學(xué)的馬丁·格林教授，是鈍化發(fā)射極和后電 池技術(shù)的發(fā)明者，該技術(shù)現(xiàn)在在世界上大多數(shù)太陽能電池板中都有發(fā)現(xiàn)。多虧了他的 發(fā)明，我們才有真正的機(jī)會(huì)減少世界的碳排放。

每一天，科學(xué)家、技術(shù)人員和工程師都在探索開發(fā)可再生能源的新方法，并開發(fā)

技術(shù)，不僅是為了更智能地使用電力，而且是為了為我們的智能提供動(dòng)力。一個(gè)很好 的例子是歐洲最大的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)，芬蘭的 LUMI ，它的碳負(fù)性驚人。它建在一個(gè)古老 的造紙廠里，由附近的一條河流提供動(dòng)力，它遙遠(yuǎn)的熱量溫暖著住在周圍城鎮(zhèn)卡賈尼 的人們。

如果世界要實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放的目標(biāo)，我們必須認(rèn)真思考如何提供可持續(xù)的計(jì)算和更多的 LUMI。

Text 3

31.【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming... sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was."意思 是說傳統(tǒng)的好萊塢在流媒體上難以盈利... 引發(fā)了華爾街的擔(dān)憂，即這些服務(wù)可能永遠(yuǎn) 不會(huì)像有線電視曾經(jīng)那樣有利可圖。這句話表明合法的流媒體服務(wù)面臨著盈利能力的 問題，并且引起了市場的擔(dān)憂。因此正確答案是 [D] are confronted with a real threat。 32.【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads."意思是說 最初，像 Netflix 這樣的合法在線業(yè)務(wù)的興起實(shí)際上有助于遏制基于文件上傳的數(shù)字 盜版。此處說明了 Netflix 等合法流媒體平臺(tái)曾在一定程度上幫助減少了非法文件共 享的現(xiàn)象。因此正確答案是 [A] played a part in the fight against illegal file-sharing。

33.【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy."意思是說 Rivkin 在 2017 年加入 了 MPA ，此前該組織未能在五年前建立好萊塢和硅谷之間的共識(shí)，以通過國會(huì)立法 來阻止在線盜版。從這句話可以推斷出 MPA 之前試圖與 Silicon Valley 合作以推動(dòng)反 盜版立法但沒有成功。因此正確答案是 [A] was denied cooperation by Silicon Valley 。 34.【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)定位句: "While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline."意思是說盡管有人樂觀地認(rèn)為新興的對(duì) 策和最佳實(shí)踐可能會(huì)讓盜版到 2027 年開始趨于平穩(wěn)，但利益相關(guān)者之間并沒有就何 時(shí)開始下降達(dá)成一致意見。Hawley 的觀點(diǎn)表明，盡管有一些新的措施，但短期內(nèi)數(shù)字 盜版不太可能減少。因此正確答案是 [C] is unlikely to diminish in the near future。

35.【答案】D

【解析】整篇文章都在討論由于盜版造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、非法流媒體服務(wù)的猖獗以及對(duì) 抗盜版的努力。文章整體上強(qiáng)調(diào)了非法流媒體帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)傷害，以及需要采取行動(dòng)打 擊這種行為。文章中多次提到非法流媒體對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，包括收入損失和工作機(jī)會(huì)的 喪失。因此正確答案是 [D] Economic harm from illegal streaming。

【全文翻譯】

自從在自己的游戲中與奈飛公司(Netflix Inc. )展開競爭以來，老牌好萊塢一直 難以在流媒體業(yè)務(wù)中盈利，迪士尼+、孔雀和派拉蒙+等公司每年虧損數(shù)十億美元，這 引發(fā)了華爾街的擔(dān)憂，即流媒體服務(wù)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)像有線電視那樣盈利。但是，流媒體時(shí) 代卻給一些意想不到的贏家?guī)砹烁Ｒ簦罕I版者利用軟件在幾秒鐘內(nèi)從合法的在線視 頻平臺(tái)上下載電影或電視節(jié)目，并在自己的非法服務(wù)上播放這些節(jié)目，這些盜版者每 年從廣告和訂閱中賺取約 20 億美元。

據(jù)美國電影協(xié)會(huì)(MPA)稱，由于沒有視頻制作成本，非法流媒體網(wǎng)站的利潤率 接近 90%。美國電影協(xié)會(huì)是好萊塢電影公司的一個(gè)貿(mào)易組織，致力于打擊近年來涌現(xiàn) 的數(shù)千個(gè)非法平臺(tái)。

最初，Netflix 等合法在線業(yè)務(wù)的興起實(shí)際上有助于遏制主要基于文件上傳的數(shù)字 盜版。但據(jù)美國商會(huì)全球創(chuàng)新政策中心估計(jì)，目前涉及非法流媒體服務(wù)和文件共享的 盜版行為每年給美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成約 300 億美元的收入損失，以及約 25 萬個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。 全球每年的影響約為 710 億美元。

電影協(xié)會(huì)的首席執(zhí)行官 Charlie Rivkin 說：“那些偷我們的電影和電視節(jié)目的人， 以及經(jīng)營盜版網(wǎng)站的人，都不是夫家經(jīng)營的。”“這是有組織犯罪?！崩锓蚪鹩?2017 年

加入美國電影協(xié)會(huì)，五年前，該組織未能在好萊塢和硅谷之間達(dá)成共識(shí)，贏得國會(huì)通 過旨在阻止在線盜版的立法。2017 年，該協(xié)會(huì)成立了創(chuàng)意與娛樂聯(lián)盟(ACE)，這是 一個(gè)由全球約 100 名偵探組成的執(zhí)法工作隊(duì)，幫助地方當(dāng)局逮捕流媒體盜版。

ACE 表示，它幫助將北美的非法流媒體服務(wù)數(shù)量從 2018 年的 1400 多個(gè)減少到 126 個(gè)，部分原因是 MPA 支持 2020 年的一項(xiàng)聯(lián)邦法律，該法律將大規(guī)模流媒體版權(quán) 材料定為嚴(yán)重犯罪。

咨詢公司Parks Associates 預(yù)測， 自 2022 年以來，美國合法流媒體服務(wù)因盜版造 成的累計(jì)損失將在未來兩年內(nèi)達(dá)到 1130 億美元。分析師史蒂夫·霍利(Steve Hawley) 表示：“盡管人們樂觀地認(rèn)為，新興的應(yīng)對(duì)措施和最佳做法可能會(huì)使海盜行為在 2027 年開始趨于平穩(wěn)，但利益相關(guān)者對(duì)何時(shí)開始下降沒有達(dá)成共識(shí)。”

Text 4

36.【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù) "Visit any antiques stores and you may encounter artifacts from the past... Yet they aren’t truly ephemeral. Because they are still here, decades later, and they are tangible."意思是說訪問任何古董店，你可能會(huì)遇到過去的工藝品...然而它們并不是真 正短暫的，因?yàn)閹资旰笏鼈內(nèi)匀淮嬖?，而且是有形的。表明作者提到過去的工藝品 是為了引出保存問題，即這些物品盡管沒有特意保存，但仍然存留至今，并且是有形 的。因此正確答案是 [C] bring up the issue of preservation。

37.【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)定位句"The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information... Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information."意思是說實(shí)體物品本身即是傳遞信息的媒介... 圖書館和檔案 館傳統(tǒng)上承擔(dān)著信息的組織、保存和獲取的責(zé)任。

文章中指出，實(shí)體文物本身即為信息傳遞的媒介，這意味著人們可以直接通過接觸這 些文物來獲得信息。相比之下，數(shù)字對(duì)象需要特定的技術(shù)或平臺(tái)才能訪問其內(nèi)容。因 此，實(shí)體文物在傳達(dá)信息時(shí)更為直接，因?yàn)樗鼈儾恍枰~外的設(shè)備或軟件來解讀。所 以，[B] 選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確地反映了文章中的觀點(diǎn)。

38.【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)定位句"Librarians selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, 'it's all in here' as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today."意思是說圖書館員無私的奉獻(xiàn)可能會(huì)適得其 反，當(dāng)用戶舉起手機(jī)說“都在這里”來證明圖書館對(duì)于今天的研究人員來說不再那么重 要時(shí)。文中提到圖書館員的工作可能無意中導(dǎo)致了人們低估圖書館的重要性，認(rèn)為所 有信息都在手機(jī)里。因此正確答案是 [B] undervaluation of libraries。

39.【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)下定位句"Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself... Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, think how do I get the files off this?"意思是說即使數(shù)字對(duì)象被保存下來，也可能只有載體被 保存下來，而不是信息本身...你有沒有無助地看著一個(gè) ZIP 磁盤，想著如何從上面獲 取文件?從而可知 ZIP 磁盤的例子用來說明如果格式過時(shí)，即使載體保存下來，信息 也可能丟失。因此正確答案是 [C] the possibility of losing Information in obsolete formats。 40.【答案】D

【解析】整篇文章討論了實(shí)體文物與數(shù)字信息的保存難題，以及圖書館員在這個(gè)過程 中扮演的重要角色。文章整體上是在談?wù)搶?shí)體文物與數(shù)字信息的保存挑戰(zhàn)，以及圖書 館員在此過程中的重要作用。最能概括文本的陳述應(yīng)當(dāng)反映出文章的主要論點(diǎn)，即保 存數(shù)字歷史記錄是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。因此正確答案是 [D] keeping digital historical records is a challenge。

【全文翻譯】

參觀任何一家古董店，你可能會(huì)遇到過去的文物：照片、信件、辛克萊恐龍 1964- 1965 年博覽會(huì)的小冊(cè)子，這是短暫的歷史。然而，它們并不是真正短暫的。為什么? 因?yàn)樗鼈冞€在這里，幾十年，它們是有形的。

你有沒有考慮過無形形式的生命周期，數(shù)字信息，因?yàn)槟切┥a(chǎn)這些文物的人很 少為它們的長期保存做準(zhǔn)備?幾千年來，我們知道了我們所知道的，這要?dú)w功于那些 幸存下來的人工制品，盡管它們的原始創(chuàng)造者經(jīng)常忽視它們。事物本身就是傳遞信息

的媒介。在創(chuàng)作的時(shí)候，沒有人試圖故意保存，但模擬材料有機(jī)會(huì)幸存下來，并作為 傳記作家、歷史學(xué)家和小說家所依賴的歷史記錄。圖書館和檔案館傳統(tǒng)上肩負(fù)著組織、 保存和獲取信息的責(zé)任。因此，圖書館員將有形資料數(shù)字化，以便世界各地的研究人 員可以快速搜索和訪問他們的館藏。其結(jié)果是歷史財(cái)富的尷尬，這帶來了自己的大海 撈針的問題。

當(dāng)用戶拿起手機(jī)說，“都在這里” ，指出圖書館對(duì)研究人員來說不那么重要時(shí)，圖 書館員的無私奉獻(xiàn)可能會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生不利影響。然而，這種訪問的普遍性是如何實(shí)現(xiàn) 的，也許更重要的是，它是如何維持的?誰來管理保存下來的東西?當(dāng)談到天生的數(shù) 字信息時(shí)，可怕的答案可能是：如果不是圖書管理員和檔案管理員，那么就沒有人了。 數(shù)字信息比模擬信息需要小心得多。

即使一個(gè)數(shù)字對(duì)象被保存下來，它也可能只是被保存的載體，而不是信息本身。 隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和一個(gè)墊子變得過時(shí)，這個(gè)物體是無用的。你是否曾經(jīng)無助地盯著一 個(gè) ZIP 磁盤，想我怎么把文件從這里取出來?如果沒有數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的持續(xù)遷移，歷史學(xué) 家就會(huì)夜不能寐：當(dāng)數(shù)字資產(chǎn)取代模擬資產(chǎn)時(shí)，歷史記錄就會(huì)突然停止。

作為一名日常工作圍繞著特殊藏品和數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的圖書管理員，我和歷史學(xué)家們一 樣夜驚，如果我說目前存在一個(gè)全面的保存解決方案，那我就是在撒謊。然而，研究 人員可以感到一些安慰的是，有大量的圖書館員致力于為研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)、組織和保存 數(shù)字信息。圖書館員在了解最終用戶如何查找和使用信息方面處于獨(dú)特的地位。因此， 我們?cè)谧R(shí)別、保存和提供數(shù)字文物的可訪問性方面發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用，這樣，盡 管未來的研究人員可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字領(lǐng)域是一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的地方，但他們不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這 是一個(gè)不可能的地方。

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（若想查看更多的真題內(nèi)容請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載：2025年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)）

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