一、英語議論文寫作必備句型

一. 引出話題句型

1. Recently, the problem of… has aroused people's concern.

最近，······問題已引起人們的關(guān)注。

2. The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。它給我們帶來了許多好處,但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴重的問題。

3. Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.

如今，人口過剩已成為我們不得不面對的問題了。

4. It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that …

人們一般認為······

5. Many people insist that…

很多人堅持認為······

6. With the development of science technology, more more people believe that…

隨著科技的發(fā)展，越來越多的人認為······

7. A lot of people seem to think that…

很多人似乎認為······

二. 結(jié)尾句型

1. Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有這些因素加以考慮,我們自然會得出結(jié)論······

2. Taking into acall these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考慮所有這些因素,我們可能會得出合理的結(jié)論······

3. Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that…

因此,我們最好得出這樣的結(jié)論······

4. All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

總之,我們沒有······是無法生活的。但同時,我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現(xiàn)的新問題。

三. 引出觀點句型

1. People's views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that... However, others believe that…

人們對······的觀點因人而異。有些人認為······，然而其他人卻認為······

2. People may have different opinions on…

人們對······可能會有不同的見解。

3. There are different opinions among people as to…

關(guān)于······，人們的觀點大不相同。

4. Different people hold different attitudes toward …

對······人們的態(tài)度各不相同。

四. 提出建議句型

1. Here are some suggestions for handling…

這是處理······的一些建議。

2. The best way to solve the troubles is…

解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是······

3. People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.

人們已想出許多辦法來解決這個問題。

4. It is high time that we put an end to the trend.

該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。

5. It is time to take the advice of… to put special emphasis on the improvement of…

該是采納······的建議并對······的進展給予特殊重視的時候了。

6. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…

毫無疑問，對······問題應予以足夠的重視。

7. Obviously if we want to do something… , it is essential that…

顯然，如果我們想做某事，很重要的是······

8. Only in this way can we…

只有這樣，我們才能······

9. It is realized that…

人們意識到······

五. 預示后果句型

1. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明顯，如果我們不控制這一問題,很有可能……會使我們陷入危險。

2. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…

毫無疑問，除非我們采取有效措施，否則很可能······

3. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很緊迫的是，應立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展。

六. 論證句型

1. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看來，支持第一種觀點比支持第二種觀點更有道理。

2. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…

我無法完全同意這一觀點······

3. Personally, I am in favour of…

就個人而言，我支持······

4. I sincerely believe that…

我真誠地相信······

5. In my opinion, it is more advisable to do…than to do…

在我個人看來，做······比做······更明智。

6. Finally, to speak frankly …

最后，坦率地說······

七. 給出原因句型

1. This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

這一現(xiàn)象的存在是有許多原因的。首先，······ 第二，······ 第三，······

2. Why did …? For one thing,... for another(thing),...

為什么······?一則，······ 二則，······

3. I quite agree with the statement that… The reasons are chiefly as follows.

我十分贊同這一論述,即······，其主要原因如下。

八. 萬能句式

(1)Some people support it while others do not. 有些人支持，然而有些人反對。

(2)My favorite proverb is...(諺語), which means... 我最喜歡的諺語是…… 它的意義是……

(3)Generally, I am in favour of the conclusion. 總的說來，我贊成這個結(jié)論。

(4)There is a famous saying that... which shows the importance of... 有句……的名言，表明了……的重要性。

(5)The message conveyed here is very clear... 這兒所傳達出的信息十分明確……

(6)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that... 它展示了當今一個普遍現(xiàn)象……

(7)Parents arrange everything for their children spare no effort to do... 父母為孩子安排一切，不遺余力地做……

(8)Measures should be taken to stop... 應該采取措施阻止……

(9)Everyone has his dream. However, it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams. 每個人都有夢想。然而，對人們來說，實現(xiàn)他們的夢想并不是那么容易的。

(10)It is a good idea to do... 做……是一個不錯的主意。

(11)We have had a survey on... 我們對……開展了一次調(diào)查。

(12)Different people hold different opinions. 不同的人持不同的意見。

(13)Opinions are divided. 有不同意見。

(14)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同看法。

(15)The difference between A B is/lies in/exists in... A和B的不同之處在于……

(16)There are several reasons for... but in general, they come down to three major ones. 導致……的原因有多種，但整體上，它們可以歸納為3個主要方面。

(17)Many ways can contribute to solving this problem，but the following ones may be the most effective. 許多方法可以解決這一問題，但是接下來的幾個方法可能是最有效的。

(18)It's hardly too much to say that... 毫不夸張地說……

(19)But it's a pity that... 但是可惜的是……

二、黃金模板

對比觀點型模板

(一)

寫作思路是論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。比如”失敗是壞事還是好事”，”少看電視多看書還是多看電視少看書”?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是：提出兩種不同觀點→討論第一個觀點→討論相反的觀點→給出自己的看法。

參考模式如下：

Recently, we have had a discussion about ________(主題). There are two opposite opinions about it. Those who favour the idea think/Some students hold their view for the reason that ________(支持A的理由一). What is more, ________(理由二). Moreover, ________(理由三).

On the other hand, the majority of the people believe that/Those who are against the idea think/Others prefer to do… Firstly, ________(支持B的理由一). Secondly/Besides, ________(理由二). Thirdly/Finally, ________(理由三).

Personally/From my point of view/I think ________(個人觀點). The reason is that ________(原因).

模板范文鑒賞

Recently, we have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. There are two opposite opinions about it. 60 percent of the students support the point that fees should be charged for parks, because they need money to pay gardeners other workers. Moreover, buying plants also needs a lot of money.(提出主題;觀點一及理由)

On the other hand, 40% of them disagree. In their opinion, people need a place where they can rest enjoy themselves. Charging an entrance fee will no doubt keep some people away. Besides, if an entrance fee must be paid by visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build gates walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city.(觀點二及理由)

Personally, an entrance fee should be charged for parks, for it can be used to protect a park. fees should be charged low.(個人觀點及理由)

(二)

寫作思路是：首先給出一個觀點，說明持該觀點者的理由→說明自己反對該觀點→列舉幾點理由。

參考模式如下：

Some people believe that ________(觀點一). For example, they think ________(舉例說明). it will bring them ________(為他們帶來的好處/壞處).

In my opinion, I think this reason can never be the point/its disadvantages are far more than its advantages. For one thing, ________(反對理由之一). For another, ________(反對理由之二).

From all that I said, I agree to the thought that ________(個人看法).

模板范文鑒賞

Some students believe that cheating in the examination is reasonable. For example, they think they have too many examinations, which are too difficult for them. if they cheat in the examination, they will get better results to please their parents teachers.(提出觀點;持該觀點者的理由)

In my opinion, this reason can never be the point. For one thing, it's wrong to cheat in the examination because it breaks the rules of schools. For another, we students should be honest try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in the examination. What's more, we should improve our learning methods get well prepared for examinations.(自己反對該觀點的理由)

From all that I said, I agree to the thought that students should be forbidden to cheat in the examination.(自己的看法)

附：議論文寫作方法與技巧

英語議論文的寫作，大多有具體要點(即論點或論據(jù))的限定，所以并不需要如何地縱橫捭闔，如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀雖小，五臟俱全，一篇幾百字的議論文，同樣必須邏輯嚴密，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語言洗練，必須論有中心，言而有據(jù)。以下從篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、句子修辭和詞匯運用等三個方面來分享如何寫好一篇小議論文的基本方法和技巧。

一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

(一)先有規(guī)矩，然后才能從心所欲，不逾矩

議論文的寫作，住往從正反兩方面來論述，且都有其約定俗成的議論模式，即從“主題句一正面論述，反面論述一結(jié)論”四大塊去營造文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(四塊論)。例如，某題目要求論述“學校規(guī)定‘課間學生只能呆在自己的教室里’對嗎?”這一話題。如果作者認為學校的規(guī)定不對，他就應該在文章第一塊(段)亮出自己的觀點：There is currently much discussion about whether students should stay in their own classrooms or not during break times.Personally I believe that—.而第二塊應該從正面論述“課間不能只呆在自己的教室里”的理由。比如可以說：I would argue that break times are our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 第三塊則從反面觀點，即“課間只能呆在自己的教室里”出發(fā)，批駁對方觀點或進一步闡述己方觀點。例如可以說：Another reason why people say that students have to stay in their own classes at break times is that it would be difficult to organize dinners。最后一塊(段)則用不同的語言再次強調(diào)已方觀點。乍一看去，議論文“四塊論”仿佛有“八股文”的嫌疑，但“四塊論”符合人的認知規(guī)律，所以值得多多模仿和操練。

(二)圍繞中心論述，確保論述的內(nèi)容直接為主題服務

在上例中，“學生課間時不能只呆在自己的教室里”是主題句，論述時應該緊緊圍繞它。有的同學在寫的時候先說“學生若課間被允許到其他班級活動，就可以交到更多的朋友”，然后又說“交到更多朋友就可以學到更多知識”，“學到更多知識就可以為社會做出更大的貢獻”……這種論述方式貌似環(huán)環(huán)相扣，承前啟后，實則是中心渙散的流水賬，說到最后，不僅讀者會一頭霧水，連作者自己都會忘了自己在說什么。

(三)確立并寫好論點，并將其置于每一段的段首

整篇文章有整篇文章的中心論點，每一段落有每一段落的分論點。選取論點時要問一問自己：這一論點是否會讓自己信服?如果—個論點連自己都說服不了，就要放棄它。段落論點的呈現(xiàn)不能羞羞答答，猶報琵琶半遮面，也不能深藏不露，讓讀者去總結(jié)和歸納，而必須在文章開篇或段落開頭就亮出來。論點置于篇首或段首，才能綱舉目張，也是確保不跑題的前提。以下兩個例子中，第一個結(jié)構(gòu)松散，群龍無首，令讀者不知所云;而第二個例子則中心突出，章法嚴謹。請看：

1.Firstly，it is very convenient in daily life.There are many shops supermarkets in a city.I can buy everything I need easily in these places.When I am sick，I can easily see a doctor in any clinic or hospital.Transport services are good in a city.when I want to go somewhere，I can take a bus，a train or something else.There are also many kinds of entertainment in a city.Public buildings(such as libraries)parks can easity be found in a city，too.

2.First.it is convenient comfortable to live in a city.To begin with，there is good housing in a city，as all the houses flats are well-equipped with good facilities surrounded by modern amenities such as places of entertainment，public libraries parks.

而中心句的寫法也有講究。中心句必須能高度概括所在段落的論據(jù)，它的關(guān)鍵詞應該在每—個論據(jù)中都有重復或適當體現(xiàn)。那種無關(guān)痛癢的敘述或說明性的句子，是不適宜用作中心句的。例如：

1.Students always feel relaxed happy during breaks.(敘述性句子)

2.Break times are scheduled for about 10 minutes.(說明性句子)

以下即是論述“學校規(guī)定‘課間學生只能呆在自己的班級里’對嗎?”的一篇學生習作：

Although some people believe that students should stay in their own classrooms during break times，I would like to argue that we should be allowed to spend break times in another class.

The most important reason for believing that is that many students have friends in other classes.We spend all day in our own classroom，break times are the only time we have to spend with other friends.It can become very tedious(令人厭倦的)to have to spend even more time with the same people.

A further reason for allowing student to choose where they spend their break times is that it would stop arguments.If students are forced to spend time with classmates who are not good friends，they can annoy each other.This leads to problems that have to be sorted out by teachers.

Teachers argue that we all should stay in our own classes，because it is then easier to know what is going on.They say that it is difficult to keep track of students when they are walking round the corridors.However，students could be given the chance to choose a different classroom to spend the whole break time in.That would mean that there would not be any students in the corridors.

As I have explained，although it might be a little easier to manage when everyone stays in their own classroom，it would make break times happier for all students if they were allowed to choose where they spent their time.

這篇范文符合“四塊論”的基本模式，正反論述兼顧，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，中心突出。

二、句子修辭

(一)應用修辭，增強說服力

適當采用比喻、頭韻(即連續(xù)數(shù)個單詞的頭音或頭字母相同)、夸張等修辭手法，采用幽默、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等寫作手法，可以把道理說得更加透徹，把觀點表達得更加鮮明，把平淡的內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)得更加生動，從而更好地傳遞信息，增添文采，激發(fā)讀者的共鳴。例如：

1.Many people have tried a thoustimes before they achieve their goals.(夸張)

2.Only a madman would choose to live in a modern city.(夸張)

3.Our life would be like soup without salt or flowers without sunlight.(比喻)

4.The best way is to reduce，reuse recycle.(頭韻)

5.For children.the Internet is another way to waste more hours.(幽默)

6.If you want to earn a satisfactory grade in the training program，you must arrive punctually，you must behave courteously，you must study conscientiously.(平行結(jié)構(gòu))

值得注意的是，比喻等修辭格的使用及諺語等的引用關(guān)乎作者對英語文化的理解，因為它們在英語中的意義往往與我們的理解大相徑庭，很容易誤用。只有多多學習，認真分析它們的應用環(huán)境，使用起來才能錦上添花。如果沒有十分的把握，切不可生搬硬套，否則會適得其反。

(二)表達到位，才能言之成理

通常，作者對自己論述的觀點是清楚的，但在將觀點傳達給讀者時，往往因為用詞不準確，邏輯欠嚴密，或因受中國式思維的干擾而令表達不到位，結(jié)果使讀者如墮五里霧中。作者應站在讀者的立場上考慮問題，始終牢記“讀者明不明白”才是判斷寫作是否成功的最重要標準。請看以下幾個表達不到位的例句及其改正方法。

1.They gave me what I need，but not what I want.

析：want可譯為“想要”。從漢語角度看，整個句子是流暢的，但從英語的邏輯上看，want與need的意義極易混淆，因此整個句子意義表達不到位，含糊不清?？梢愿臑椋篢hey have given me what I need but not What I often ask for.

2.Maybe there are also some disadvantages of living in a city，but I think they are less important.I feel convenient comfortable.

析：句子后半部分的邏輯關(guān)系未交代清楚，令人有“前語不搭后語“的感覺?？梢愿臑椋篢here are surely disadvantages of living in a city，too，but they are less important tend to be de-emphasized.For the sake of the advantages mentioned above，I prefer to live in a city.

3.Different people have different choices.Some people like living in a city some people like living in a village.

析：Choice的含義十分寬泛，因此與后面的like不相稱，應改為：Different people have different likes dislikes.Some like to live in a city，others like to live in a village.

4.The people，the society so on were quite different from now.

析：The people，the society依然不足以讓讀者完全理解要論述的話題，可改為：The peopIe，the society other aspects of life were quite different from now.

5.Thieves should be sentenced for what they have done.

析：使用sentence未免言過其實，應改為：Thieves should be punished for their wrongdoing.

(三)簡潔洗練，要言不煩

語言簡潔有力，文風干凈利落，是議論文的重要特征之一。應該指出的是，好句子并不以長短論英雄，長句未必不簡潔，短句未必不哆咳。作者在寫作時，只要力求做到“章無冗段，段無冗句，句無冗詞”，就可改變當斷不斷、拖泥帶水的現(xiàn)象。

1.The Are No Good Reasons Why Boys Girls Should Not Be Treated Equally.

析：此為一標題句，此作者濫用雙重否定，從而使句子過長。宜改為：Boys Girls Should Be Given Equal Treatment.

2.For instance，I knew how to communicate with other people how to look after myself.The most important thing was that I learn to be independent.

析：從意義上講，look after myself與independent關(guān)系緊密，可以合在一起。句子可改為：For instance，I knew how to communicate with others how to look after myself as an independent girl.

3.Moreover，as some girls study harder than boys，they may be even superior.

析：moreover后若繼續(xù)用從句，就會干擾讀者的思維?？筛臑椋篗oreover，some girls are very diligent.As a result，they may prove superior to ordinary boys.

4.What I mean to say is that well-intentioned law-makers sometimes make fools of themselves.

析：what從句并未提供新信息，故可刪去。句子可改為：Well-intentioned law—makers sometimes make fools of themselves.

三、詞匯運用

(一)多用書面語，少用口頭語

相對口頭語而言，書面語更能增添文章的厚重感和讀者對文章的信任感。下列每一組句子中，第二句都使用了書面語言，用詞更加規(guī)范，因而比前一個句子略勝—籌。

1.We still have the social problems.

The same social problems still exist today.

2.For me，there is no need for further protection of woodlands.

As far as I’m concerned，further protection of woodlands is not needed.

3.With the development of computer technology, commercial information exchange is becoming easier.

Computers have greatly influenced business communication.

4.Everything has two sides this problem is quite the same.

Everything has two sides this issue is not an exception.

(二)使用連接詞

在句子間使用連接詞，能使文章脈絡更加清晰，邏輯關(guān)系更加流暢。例如：

1.The water was polluted.As a result，the fish died.

2.However，others think we should have junk food.

3.On the other hpackaging can have many disadvantages.

4.Firstly many people die of passive smoking(被動吸煙)secondly it can aggravate(使……惡化)lung diseases.

相關(guān)的連接詞還有：On the contrary，all in all，in short，generally，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence，hence，also，personally，furthermore，definitely，surely，undoubtedly，obviously，additionally，in addition，moreover，consequently，clearly，besides，as well，likewise，in my opinion，for the sake of，last but not the least，to begin with，firstly(first)，etc.

很多時候，一些常用的句式或句子也能承上啟下，使相關(guān)的信息得到巧妙的過渡和銜接。例如：

The main reason is that…

I can’t agree more.

Another thing we can’t forget is that…

There is every reason to believe that…

As we all know…

總而言之，一篇好的議論文，總是在結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯和語言等方面略勝一籌。